If this is more than a poetic duplication of terms, Hades will stand for the personified state of death, Death for the personified cause of this state. Death and Hades are here represented as delivering up the dead on the eve of the final judgment. The same abstract meaning is indicated for Re 20:13. Here the abstract sense is determined by the parallel expression, 'to see corruption' None the less from a comparatively early date this passage has been quoted in support of the doctrine of a local descent of Christ into Hades. In this sense even the soul of Jesus was in Hades according' to Peter's statement (Ac 2:27,31-on the basis of Ps 16:10). It is, of course, a different matter, when Hades, as not infrequently already the Old Testament Sheol, designates not the place of the dead but the state of death or disembodied existence.

⇒ See also the McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia. On the other hand Lu 23:43 2Co 5:6-8 Php 1:23 Re 6:9 7:9 ff Re 15:2 ff teach that the abode of believers immediately after death is with Christ and God. That dead believers abide in a local Hades cannot be proven from 1Th 4:16 1Co 15:23, for these passages refer to the grave and the body, not to a gathering-place of the dead. The theory according to which Hades is still in the New Testament the undifferentiated provisional abode of all the dead until the day of judgment, with the possibility of ultimate salvation even for those of its inmates who have not been saved in this life, is neither in harmony with the above development nor borne out by the facts of New Testament usage. The New Testament passages mark a distinct stage in this process, and there is, accordingly, a true basis in Scripture for the identification in a certain aspect of Sheol-Hades-with hell as reflected in the King James Version. ⇒ See the definition of had in the KJV Dictionary 2. When in the progress of Old Testament revelation the state after death begins to assume more definite features, and becomes more sharply differentiated in dependence on the religious and moral issue of the present life this is not accomplished in the canonical writings (otherwise in the apocalyptic literature) by dividing Sheol into two compartments, but by holding forth to the righteous the promise of deliverance from Sheol, so that the latter becomes more definitely outlined as a place of evil and punishment. The Old Testament thus concentrates the partial light it throws on the state after death on the negative, undesirable side of the prospect apart from redemption. The Old Testament Sheol, while formally resembling the Greek Hades in that it is the common receptacle of all the dead, differs from it, on the one hand, by the absence of a clearly defined division into two parts, and, on the other hand, by the emphasis placed on its association with death and the grave as abnormal facts following in the wake of sin. This conception should not be rashly transferred to the New Testament, for the latter stands not under the influence of Greek pagan belief, but gives a teaching and reflects a belief which model their idea of Hades upon the Old Testament through the Septuagint. The Greek conception of Hades was that of a locality receiving into itself all the dead, but divided into two regions, one a place of torment, the other of blessedness. In the Septuagint Hades is the standing equivalent for Sheol, but also translates other terms associated with death and the state after it. ⇒ See a list of verses on HADES in the Bible. the Revised Version (British and American) everywhere has 'Hades.' It is also found in Textus Receptus of the New Testament 1 Cor 15:55, but here the correct reading (Tischendorf, Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in Greek, the Revised Version (British and American)) is probably Thanate, 'O Death,' instead of Haide, 'O Hades.' the King James Version renders 'Hades' by 'hell' in all instances except 1Co 15:55, where it puts 'grave' (margin 'hell') in dependence on Ho 13:14. Ha'-dez (Haides, haides, 'not to be seen'): Hades, Greek originally Haidou, in genitive, 'the house of Hades,' then, as nominative, designation of the abode of the dead itself.

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